The Prisoner’s Dilemma in Real Estate: Why Win–Win Wins More Often

By John Mijac, Managing Broker — 1912 Realty • Tucson, Arizona

Published 2025-10-15

Negotiation matrix showing outcomes across negotiation styles

TL;DR: When negotiations get tense, agents default to Competing (“I win/you lose”). The classic Prisoner’s Dilemma shows why that often produces mutual loss. In practice, Collaborating beats every other style over a career, not just a transaction.

Why we get triggered in negotiations

When markets wobble and headlines scream, our threat system (hello, amygdala) nudges us toward fight/flight. In real estate, “flight” isn’t practical; we stay and fight—often by assuming bad faith. That bias quietly turns the other agent into the “enemy,” and the deal becomes a contest.

Five negotiation styles (and what they signal)

2×2 negotiation outcome matrix with color legend
Figure 1. Negotiation outcome matrix (red = no deal, gray = one-sided, green = compromise, gold = collaborate).

A real-world example (the $10,000 gap)

If both agents Compete or Avoid, the deal dies (red) and nobody gets paid. If one Accommodates while the other Competes, you get a one-sided gray box—someone loses big and remembers. In a small market, reputations compound.

The higher-odds paths:

Bar chart comparing long-run results: collaboration vs competing, avoiding, accommodating, compromising
Figure 2. Over many deals, collaborating delivers more closings and stronger reputation; competing spikes variance and complaints.

The repeat-game (career) logic

The original Prisoner’s Dilemma is one-and-done. Real estate is not. In a repeat game, agents meet again—or their reputations do. If you “shark” someone today, they’ll remember tomorrow. Over a career, Collaborating yields more closings, better referrals, and less friction.

A short playbook for your next tense deal

  1. Name the game. “Feels like a Prisoner’s Dilemma; can we shift to a shared-wins frame?”
  2. Separate people from problem. De-personalize tones; restate interests (habitability, timelines, cash flow), not positions.
  3. Make value visible. Price out each option (credits, repairs, rate buydowns, timelines).
  4. Propose a joint solution. Offer two fair options (e.g., split + vendor assist) to anchor collaboration.
  5. Close with reputation. “We’ll probably work together again—I’d like both our clients to win, and for us to look good doing it.”

Want the templates and charts from this post? I’ll share them. Contact John or explore Join 1912 for a collaborative culture that wins long-term.

By John Mijac, Managing Broker of 1912 Realty in Tucson, Arizona. He helps agents grow through professionalism, mindset, and mastery of real-estate practice.